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5 Common Nutrient Deficiencies Know the Signs
You may think vitamin and mineral deficiencies are a thing of the past, experienced only by sailors on long sea voyages. But even today, it’s possible to lack some of the essential nutrients your body needs to function optimally.
“Nutrient deficiencies alter bodily functions and processes at the most basic cellular level,” says Tricia L. Psota, PhD, RDN, a partner at Nutrition On Demand who is based in Quakertown, Pennsylvania. “These processes include water balance, enzyme function, nerve signaling, digestion, and metabolism. Resolving these deficiencies is important for optimal growth, development, and function.”
Nutrient deficiencies can also lead to diseases. “For example, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies can cause osteopenia or osteoporosis, two conditions marked by brittle bones,” says Kate Patton, RD, a dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. “And inadequate iron can cause anemia, which zaps your energy.”
Telltale symptoms are usually the first clue that you are low in one or more important vitamins or minerals, says Patton. Here’s how to recognize seven common nutrient deficiencies.
1. Calcium: Numb, Tingling Fingers and Abnormal Heart Rhythm
Calcium is important for maintaining strong bones and controlling muscle and nerve function, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Signs of severely low calcium include numb, tingling fingers and abnormal heart rhythms, says the Cleveland Clinic. That said, there are no short-term, obvious symptoms of calcium deficiency.
Most adults need 1,000 milligrams (mg) of calcium each day, though women over 50 and men over 70 need 1,200 mg, per the Mayo Clinic. Patton says you’ll likely get enough from at least three servings of milk or yogurt a day. Cheese is another good source of calcium, but if you’re not big on dairy, you can find this nutrient in calcium-fortified plant-based milks or breakfast cereal (check the nutrition facts label of the food to see if calcium has been added), and dark leafy greens like kale and broccoli, according to the NIH.
2. Vitamin D: Fatigue, Bone Pain, Mood Shifts, and More
This vitamin is another that’s crucial for bone health and may also prevent some cancers, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Symptoms of a vitamin D deficiency can be vague — fatigue, bone pain, mood changes, and muscle aches or weakness may set in.
“If it goes on long term, a vitamin D deficiency can lead to softening of the bones,” Dr. Psota says. Long-lasting deficiency also may be linked with cancers and autoimmune diseases, says Michelle Zive, PhD, a nutrition coach based in San Diego.
According to the NIH, most adults need 15 micrograms (mcg) of vitamin D each day, and adults older than 70 need 20 mcg. Patton suggests having three servings of fortified milk or yogurt daily and eating fatty fish, such as salmon or tuna, twice a week, as these are foods that contain vitamin D. Spend some time outside in the sunshine every day, too, as this is a great source of the nutrient. Ten to 30 minutes a few times a week of direct sunlight exposure should help, Dr. Zive says. But the NIH also notes that it can be hard to get your vitamin D needs solely from food and time in the sun, and so a supplement is often the best way to meet daily requirements for many people.
3. Potassium: Muscle Weakness, Constipation, Irregular Heart Rhythm, and More
Potassium helps your heart, nerves, and muscles work properly and also delivers nutrients to cells while removing waste, according to MedlinePlus. Plus, it’s a useful nutrient that helps offset sodium’s negative impact on your blood pressure: “It’s important in maintaining a healthy blood pressure,” Zive says.
You could become low in potassium in the short term because of diarrhea or vomiting; excessive sweating; antibiotics, laxatives, or diuretics; excessive alcohol consumption; or because of a chronic condition like kidney disease, per the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms of a deficiency include muscle weakness, twitches, or cramps; constipation; tingling and numbness; and an abnormal heart rhythm or palpitations, says MedlinePlus.
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For natural potassium sources, try bananas, milk, acorn squash, lentils, and kidney beans and other legumes. Adult men need 3,400 mg each day, and women need 2,600 mg, according to the NIH.
4. Iron: Fatigue, Shortness of Breath, Cold Hands and Feet, Brittle Nails, and More
Iron is necessary to produce red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, according to UCSF Health. When iron levels get too low, there may be a deficiency in red blood cells, resulting in a condition called anemia. Some groups at increased risk of iron deficiency include menstruating women, growing individuals (such as children and pregnant women), and those following a vegan or vegetarian diet, Zive says.
Anemia can leave you with symptoms including weakness and fatigue, shortness of breath, a fast heartbeat, pale skin, headache, cold hands and feet, a sore or swollen tongue, brittle nails, and cravings for strange things like dirt, according to the Mayo Clinic. The symptoms may be so mild at first that you don’t notice something’s wrong, but as iron stores become more depleted, they will become more intense.
To boost iron levels, Patton recommends eating iron-fortified cereal, beef, oysters, beans (especially lima, navy, and kidney beans), lentils, and spinach. Adult men and women over 50 need 8 mg per day, and adult women younger than 50 need 18 mg each day, according to the NIH.
5. Vitamin B12: Numbness, Fatigue, Swollen Tongue, and More
Vitamin B12 aids the production of red blood cells and DNA, and also improves neurotransmitter function, according to the NIH. Vegetarians and vegans may be at particular risk for vitamin B12 deficiency because plants don’t make the nutrient, and people who’ve had weight loss surgery may also lack B12 because the procedure makes it difficult for the body to extract the nutrient from food, according to Harvard Health Publishing.
Symptoms of severe B12 deficiency include numbness in the legs, hands, or feet; problems with walking and balance; anemia; fatigue; weakness; a swollen, inflamed tongue; memory loss and difficulty thinking, per Harvard. These symptoms can come on quickly or gradually, and since there’s such a wide range of symptoms, you may not notice them for a while.
Adults need 2.4 mcg of B12 per day, according to the NIH. It’s most commonly found in animal products, and Patton recommends fish, chicken, milk, and yogurt to boost your B12 levels. If you’re vegan or vegetarian, Zive suggests opting for foods fortified with B12, such as plant-based milk and breakfast cereals. You can also find B12 in most multivitamins, notes the NIH, but if you’re at risk of being deficient, you can take a supplement specifically containing B12.
Posted:
2 months ago
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Greece shipwreck up to 100 children were below deck survivors say
Survivors from an overcrowded fishing boat that capsized and sank on Wednesday off the Greek coast in one of the worst disasters in the Mediterranean in recent years have told doctors and police that women and children were travelling in the hold of the vessel.
Seventy-eight people have been confirmed dead, but there are fears the number of victims could run into the hundreds.
“Right now everything is guesswork but we are working on the assumption that as many as 500 are missing,” said Nicolaos Spanoudakis, a police inspector. “Women and children, it seems, were in the hold.”
Doctors at Kalamata general hospital told Greek media and the BBC that survivors said as many 100 children had been in the bottom of the ship.
It has not been possible to verify the figure, though asked by a reporter from Greece’s ANT1 channel if there were 100 children onboard, one survivor replied: “Yes.”
On Thursday night it was announced that Greek authorities had arrested nine suspected people-smugglers believed to have piloted the vessel before it sank off the southern Peloponnese.
Skai TV reported that the nine – all men – were of Egyptian descent and were suspected of masterminding the illegal voyage of hundreds of people to Italy from Egypt, from where they had set out with the trawler.
“They are in custody and will appear before a local magistrate,” Nikos Alexiou, the Hellenic coastguard spokesperson, told the Guardian. “They are being held by the coastguard in Kalamata.”
A public prosecutor is likely to press several charges against the group including that of mass murder. Local media reports said the ship’s captain was not among them and had died when the vessel went down.
Erasmia Roumana from the United Nations’ refugee agency described the disaster as “really horrific” and added that the survivors were in a very bad psychological state. “Many are in shock, they are so overwhelmed,” she told reporters in the port of Kalamata. “Many worry about the people they travelled with – families or friends.”
All 104 survivors were men aged between 16 and 40, authorities said. Most spent the night in a warehouse in the port. “They’re from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria and Egypt,” said Giorgos Farvas, Kalamata’s deputy mayor. “We’re talking about young men, mostly, who are in a state of huge psychological shock and exhaustion. Some fainted as they walked off the gangplanks from the vessels that brought them here.”
About 30 people were treated in hospital for pneumonia and exhaustion but were not in immediate danger, officials said, and several had been discharged.
Reports suggested up to 750 people had packed on to the fishing boat that capsized and sank early on Wednesday about 50 miles (80km) from the southern coastal town of Pylos while it was being shadowed by the Greek coastguard.
“The fishing boat was 25-30 metres long. Its deck was full of people, and we assume the interior was just as full,” a coastguard spokesperson said. A government spokesperson said smugglers were known to “lock people up to maintain control”.
Greece’s caretaker government has called three days of national mourning, with electoral campaigning ahead of polls on 25 June suspended.
Early on Thursday, a coastguard vessel sailed into Kalamata, transporting victims. After an official count, authorities revised the death toll to 78 from 79.
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The coastguard said a surveillance plane from Europe’s Frontex agency had spotted the boat on Tuesday, but officials said people on the boat, which had set off from the Libyan port of Tobruk, repeatedly refused offers of help.
“It was a fishing boat packed with people who refused our assistance because they wanted to go to Italy,” the coastguard spokesperson, Nikos Alexiou, told Skai TV. “We stayed beside it in case it needed our assistance, which they had refused.”
A senior prosecutor on Thursday took over supervision of the investigation into the incident. Alexiou suggested the boat may also have capsized if the coastguard had attempted to stop it without the crew’s and passengers’ cooperation.
But Alexis Tsipras, the leftwing opposition leader, said during a visit to Kalamata port that survivors told him they had “called for help”.
He said:“What sort of protocol does not call for the rescue… of an overloaded boat about to sink?”
Tsipras, who was prime minister from 2015 to 2019 at the peak of Europe’s migration crisis, blamed the continent’s migration policy for the incident. “There are very big political responsibilities,” he said. “The immigration policy that Europe has been following for years … turns the Mediterranean, our seas, into watery graves.”
An independent refugee activist, Nawal Soufi, said on Facebook she had been in contact with people on the boat until 11pm on Tuesday. “The man I was talking to expressly told me: ‘I feel that this will be our last night alive,’” she wrote.
The boat’s engine gave up shortly before midnight UK time on Tuesday and it capsized soon afterwards, with coastguard experts saying the movement of people inside may have caused it to list and overturn. No one onboard was thought to be wearing a life jacket.
The acting Greek migration minister, Daniel Esdras, told the TV station ERT that Greece would examine survivors’ asylum claims but those not entitled to protection would be sent home.
The search operation was due to continue until at least Friday morning, according to government sources. The chances of retrieving the sunken vessel were remote, they said, because the area of international waters where the incident occurred was so deep.
“The chances of finding more people alive are minimal,” a retired Greek coastguard admiral, Nikos Spanos, told ERT. “We have seen old fishing boats like this before from Libya. They are not at all seaworthy. To put it simply, they are floating coffins.”
The deadliest migrant tragedy in Greece was in June 2016, when at least 320 people were listed as dead or missing in a sinking near Crete.
Reuters and Agence France-Presse contributed to this report
Posted:
3 months ago
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Rescued children pay tribute to sniffer dog still missing in Colombian jungle
The four Indigenous children who survived a plane crash and 40 days alone in the Colombian Amazon are continuing their recovery in Bogotá’s military hospital, and the oldest two have been well enough to pick up crayons.
In their first pictures released by Colombia’s armed forces, a four-legged figure jumps from the page: Wilson, the Belgian shepherd dog who helped lead rescuers to their location – and who remains missing in the jungle.
One drawing, signed by Lesly – the 13-year-old credited with keeping her siblings alive through her knowledge of the jungle – shows Wilson between trees and a river. The second, signed by Soleiny, nine, shows the dog next to a large flower, the sun and the Colombian flag.
The four “miracle children” were found in a forest clearing on Friday, more than a month after the plane crash in which their mother and two other adults died.
They had survived by eating fruit, and using large leaves to shelter from the rain – and they told their rescuers that for at least some of the time, they had been accompanied by a large dog.
That animal is believed to have been Wilson, one of 10 military sniffer dogs deployed in the search operation.
Wilson was last seen on Thursday, the day before the children’s rescue. “We saw him about 40 meters away and we tried to call him,” Carlos Villegas, one of the dog handlers told El Tiempo. “My companion drew close to him, he tried to play with him in order to grab him, but [Wilson] ran off.”
It is believed the six-year-old Belgian shepherd may have become disorientated in the thick foliage or that an encounter with a dangerous predator may have caused a change in his normal behaviour.
“According to what the children told us, we can confirm that Wilson, our commando, was with them, quite emaciated and without much to eat out there in the jungle,” Gen Pedro Sánchez, told press on Saturday. “But our faith remains intact and we are still looking for him.”
The dog remains missing and an operation to find him is ongoing.
Meanwhile, a custody battle has broken out among the children’s relatives, with the father of two of them facing accusations of domestic violence.
The siblings are expected to stay in hospital for several days, during which time Colombia’s child protection agency will interview family members to determine who should care for them.
Rescued children pay tribute to sniffer dog still missing in Colombian jungle
The four Indigenous children who survived a plane crash and 40 days alone in the Colombian Amazon are continuing their recovery in Bogotá’s military hospital, and the oldest two have been well enough to pick up crayons.
In their first pictures released by Colombia’s armed forces, a four-legged figure jumps from the page: Wilson, the Belgian shepherd dog who helped lead rescuers to their location – and who remains missing in the jungle.
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One drawing, signed by Lesly – the 13-year-old credited with keeping her siblings alive through her knowledge of the jungle – shows Wilson between trees and a river. The second, signed by Soleiny, nine, shows the dog next to a large flower, the sun and the Colombian flag.
The four “miracle children” were found in a forest clearing on Friday, more than a month after the plane crash in which their mother and two other adults died.
They had survived by eating fruit, and using large leaves to shelter from the rain – and they told their rescuers that for at least some of the time, they had been accompanied by a large dog.
That animal is believed to have been Wilson, one of 10 military sniffer dogs deployed in the search operation.
Wilson was last seen on Thursday, the day before the children’s rescue. “We saw him about 40 meters away and we tried to call him,” Carlos Villegas, one of the dog handlers told El Tiempo. “My companion drew close to him, he tried to play with him in order to grab him, but [Wilson] ran off.”
It is believed the six-year-old Belgian shepherd may have become disorientated in the thick foliage or that an encounter with a dangerous predator may have caused a change in his normal behaviour.
“According to what the children told us, we can confirm that Wilson, our commando, was with them, quite emaciated and without much to eat out there in the jungle,” Gen Pedro Sánchez, told press on Saturday. “But our faith remains intact and we are still looking for him.”
The dog remains missing and an operation to find him is ongoing.
Meanwhile, a custody battle has broken out among the children’s relatives, with the father of two of them facing accusations of domestic violence.
The siblings are expected to stay in hospital for several days, during which time Colombia’s child protection agency will interview family members to determine who should care for them.
Posted:
3 months ago
|
Police release e-fit of man found dead in wheel bay of Gatwick-bound plane
Police have released a digitised image of a man who was found dead in the undercarriage of a plane, as they work to identify him.
The man’s body was found on a Tui flight from the Gambia to the UK. His body was discovered at Gatwick airport at about 4am on 7 December, Sussex police said at the time.
He was found without any identity documents. He is believed to have been in his 20s or 30s and information has been shared with authorities in the west African country.
Departing from Banjul international airport, the plane had completed a 3,600-mile trip to the London airport. The average flight between the two destinations is usually about six hours.
DI Darren Lillywhite of Sussex police said: “This was a tragic case, and we are working to establish the identity of the man found deceased. Somewhere, this man will have relatives or loved ones who do not know what has happened to him.”
Detectives are hoping to identify the man for an inquest, which may provide answers for his loved ones.
Lillywhite said: “In particular, we are seeking contact from anyone in the UK that may have been expecting to meet a friend or family member who failed to arrive in December, as well as anyone in the Gambia or neighbouring countries who may have knowledge about an individual who made travel plans to come to the UK or Europe.”
At the time of the discovery, Ebrima G Sankareh, the Gambia’s government spokesperson, said: “According to the information, the deceased black male was found within the wheel bay of the aircraft without identification documents to establish his name, age, nationality or travel itinerary. It is, therefore, not clear at this stage who he is.”
Previously there have been instances of stowaways being found dead after boarding a UK-bound flight. In 2019, the body of a man who fell from a Kenya Airways flight landed in a south London garden as the plane came in to Heathrow airport.
In 2012, José Matada fell to his death from a British Airways flight inbound from Angola. Matada, originally from Mozambique, was found on the pavement in East Sheen, south-west London, on 9 September.
Police have released a digitised image of a man who was found dead in the undercarriage of a plane, as they work to identify him.
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https://www.hihonor.com/es/club/topicdetail/topicid-3535410359795713/
https://open.firstory.me/story/cligdqda203bf01v76tyqbv9t
The man’s body was found on a Tui flight from the Gambia to the UK. His body was discovered at Gatwick airport at about 4am on 7 December, Sussex police said at the time.
He was found without any identity documents. He is believed to have been in his 20s or 30s and information has been shared with authorities in the west African country.
Departing from Banjul international airport, the plane had completed a 3,600-mile trip to the London airport. The average flight between the two destinations is usually about six hours.
DI Darren Lillywhite of Sussex police said: “This was a tragic case, and we are working to establish the identity of the man found deceased. Somewhere, this man will have relatives or loved ones who do not know what has happened to him.”
Detectives are hoping to identify the man for an inquest, which may provide answers for his loved ones.
Lillywhite said: “In particular, we are seeking contact from anyone in the UK that may have been expecting to meet a friend or family member who failed to arrive in December, as well as anyone in the Gambia or neighbouring countries who may have knowledge about an individual who made travel plans to come to the UK or Europe.”
At the time of the discovery, Ebrima G Sankareh, the Gambia’s government spokesperson, said: “According to the information, the deceased black male was found within the wheel bay of the aircraft without identification documents to establish his name, age, nationality or travel itinerary. It is, therefore, not clear at this stage who he is.”
Previously there have been instances of stowaways being found dead after boarding a UK-bound flight. In 2019, the body of a man who fell from a Kenya Airways flight landed in a south London garden as the plane came in to Heathrow airport.
In 2012, José Matada fell to his death from a British Airways flight inbound from Angola. Matada, originally from Mozambique, was found on the pavement in East Sheen, south-west London, on 9 September.
Posted:
3 months ago
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5 Popular Supplements That May Have Hidden Dangers
When it comes to supplements, there’s so much hype about their potential benefits that it can be hard to separate fact from fiction. While it’s true that vitamins and minerals are essential to health, it’s not true that taking them in pill, capsule, or powder form — especially in megadoses — is necessary or without risks.
For one thing, dietary supplements can sometimes interact with each other, as well as with over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medication. In addition, unlike with drugs, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is not authorized to review dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed. It’s up to manufacturers to ensure that their products do not contain contaminants or impurities, are properly labeled, and contain what they claim. In other words, the regulation of dietary supplements is much less strict than it is for prescription or OTC drugs.
In March 2023, the FDA unveiled its new Dietary Supplement Ingredient Directory, a web page intended to help the public stay informed about the ingredients used in dietary supplements. Consumers can use the directory to look up ingredients used in products marketed as dietary supplements and find out what the FDA has said about that ingredient and whether the agency has taken any action pertaining to the ingredient.
According to the FDA, more than half of Americans take herbal or dietary supplements daily, with a report by Grandview Research noting the dietary supplements market was valued at $151.9 billion worldwide in 2021.
1. Vitamin D: Too Much Can Harm Your Kidneys
Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the body, and having enough is central to health and well-being, offering the promise of protecting bones and preventing bone diseases like osteoporosis, per the NIH. Supplemental vitamin D is popular because it’s difficult (if not impossible for some) to get enough from food.
Also, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes, our bodies make vitamin D when bare skin is exposed to direct sunlight, but increased time spent indoors and widespread use of sunblock, as a necessary way to prevent skin aging and skin cancer, has minimized the amount of vitamin D many of us get from sun exposure.
2. St. John’s Wort: Avoid Drug Interactions
St. John’s wort is a plant used as a tea or in capsules, with purported benefits for depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, menopause symptoms, insomnia, kidney and lung issues, obsessive-compulsive disorder, wound healing, and more, notes the NIH.
Small studies have shown St. John’s wort to be effective at treating mild depression. For example, a review of short-term studies looked at 27 clinical trials with about 3,800 patients and suggested that the herbal remedy worked as well as certain antidepressants at decreasing symptoms of mild to moderate depression.
But, says Denise Millstine, MD, an internist in the department of integrative medicine at Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona, “the biggest issue with St. John’s wort is its medication interactions.”
3. Calcium: The Excess May Settle in Your Arteries
Calcium is essential for a strong skeleton, but as with all nutrients, too much of this mineral may be harmful. As the NIH notes, more than 2,500 mg per day for adults ages 19 to 50, and more than 2,000 mg per day for individuals 51 and over, can lead to problems.
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18910986
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911115
https://beterhbo.ning.com/profiles/blogs/popular-supplements-that-may-have-hidden-dangers
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911182
https://dotnetfiddle.net/m7ujxK
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911223
https://open.firstory.me/story/cli9b2v5200cm01vldtbh57ip
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911259
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911283
https://vocus.cc/article/64750adcfd897800015bc742
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911372
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911403
https://rentry.co/qvwbr
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911465
https://pantip.com/topic/42042108
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911490
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911724
https://blog.umsida.ac.id/fandy/5-popular-supplements-that-may-have-hidden-dangers/
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911751
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911805
https://ibusinessday.com/5-popular-supplements-that-may-have-hidden-dangers/
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911821
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911875
https://justpaste.it/2bbdt
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911894
http://blog.ub.ac.id/dalton/2023/05/30/5-popular-supplements-that-may-have-hidden-dangers/
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911937
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18911958
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18912009
https://www.hoyolab.com/article/18912040
With calcium supplements, hardened arteries, or atherosclerosis, and a higher risk of heart disease, are risks, though research is mixed, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
4. Multivitamins and Multiminerals: No Substitute for a Healthy Diet
Think that a healthy lifestyle requires not just good-for-you foods, exercise, and enough sleep but also taking a daily multivitamin-multimineral supplement? When you consider that an estimated one-third of adults in the United States and one-quarter of youths take them, per the NIH, you may be surprised to learn that the jury’s still out on whether they’re helpful.
One study published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, which examined data from nearly 40,000 women older than 19 who were part of the Iowa Women’s Health Study, found that, on average, women who took supplements had a higher risk of early death than women who didn’t take supplements. Multivitamins did little or nothing to protect against common cancers, cardiovascular disease, or death.
Other research has found benefits to taking multivitamins. For example, a study in the August 2017 Nutrients concluded that frequent use of multivitamin and mineral supplements helped prevent micronutrient shortfalls that might otherwise cause health problems.
5. Fish Oil Supplements: Choose Fish or Flaxseed Instead
Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil has been touted as a means to reduce heart disease and other ailments. Yet increasing evidence suggests that fish oil supplements have questionable benefits.
For example, a study published in January 2019 in the New England Journal of Medicine found that omega-3 supplements did nothing to reduce heart attacks, strokes, or deaths from heart disease in middle-aged and older men and women without any known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. An earlier study analyzed people at high risk for cardiovascular disease and also reported no benefit.
Plus, a later review and meta-analysis of 83 randomized controlled trials, which was published in August 2019 in the journal BMJ, revealed that omega-3s, whether in supplement or food form, didn’t reduce type 2 diabetes risk among the 58,000 participants involved.
But it’s not all negative news when it comes to omega-3 supplements: A large randomized controlled trial published in January 2022 in BMJ suggests that fish oil supplements may provide health benefits when combined with vitamin D supplements, though in this case the benefits weren’t statistically significant. The authors observed that this cocktail, as well as vitamin D supplements alone, led to a lower incidence of autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Posted:
3 months ago
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